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A bar graph is a visual representation generally used to present and compare the mean scores for two or more groups or conditions. Researchers conventionally use a bar graph when the independent variable plotted on the $$x$$-axis is categorical.

Bar Graph

Error bars are vertical lines extending upward and downward from the main data markers (such as the top of a main bar or a point) in a graph to represent the variability in each group or condition. They most commonly extend one standard error or one standard deviation in each direction.

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