Concept

Union as Annihilation and Division as Survival in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 8, Poem 2)

In this poem from the Mokhtar Nameh, Attar explores the spiritual paradox of selfhood and divine union. He asserts that any pursuit directed toward the ego ('for our own sake') becomes a spiritual calamity. Furthermore, he contrasts division (tafraqa) and union (jam'iyyat), explaining that while division enables the survival (baqa) of individual existence, spiritual union necessitates the annihilation (fana) of the self.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course