This is a type of subunit vaccine that has a conjugated protein to capsule polysaccharide which enhances the efficiency of subunit vaccines against pathogens that have protective polysaccharide capsules which allows the pathogen to escape the mechanism of phagocytosis. Some examples include Meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides

Conjugate Vaccines

This type of vaccine contains inactivated bacterial toxins called toxoids this vaccine is used to prevent diseases in which bacterial toxins play an important role in pathogenesis in other to neutralize the toxins. Some examples of this type of vaccine include Botulism, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus. 

Toxoid Vaccines

This type of vaccine only exposes the patient to the key antigens of the pathogen which does not include viruses or whole cells. This type of vaccine has low side effects as it is mainly made by degrading the pathogen and isolating key antigens. Some examples include anthrax, hepatitis B, influenza, meningitis  papillomavirus, pneumonia, pneumococcal, and whooping cough.

Subunit Vaccines

This vaccine exposes the individual to the weakened strain of the pathogen to establish an infection that activates the adaptive immune defenses. This type of vaccine stimulates a comprehensive immune response.Some common examples of this vaccine include Chickenpox, measles, and tuberculosis.

Live attenuated vaccines

This type of vaccine involves pathogens that are inactivated or killed with chemicals, heat, or radiation. This type of vaccine does not produce active infection as a result the immune response is less comprehensive. Some examples include cholera, hepatitis A, influenza, rabies, and the plague.

Inactivated vaccines

Treatment with a vaccine against a pathogen which activates immunity. This term was coined by the Scientist Edward Jenner and his inoculation of smallpox.

Vaccination

Microbiology led to vaccine development that provide cures to a variety of viral pathogens. The use of vaccine development has improved so well in which several of vaccines have gotten approved such as the COVID-19 vaccine and having the ability to target different pathogens all at once. 

University of Southern Mississippi

The field of Microbiology impacts society in many positive ways including the discovery and development of antimicrobials,  the use of bioremediation to clean the environment, phage therapy, food production, vaccine development, and genetic engineering.

Microbiology Contributions and it's Impact on Society

Edward Jenner coined the term "vaccination" after inoculating people with cowpox to prevent smallpox infections.

Edward Jenner

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Vaccine Development

Microbiology had an impact on society through its contribution of genetic engineering which involves the use of recombinant DNA technology within a laboratory settin creating recombinant DNA molecules that have new combinations of genetic material which paved the way for DNA technology advances in medicine.

Genetic engineering

Antimicrobials have been around for centuries and are known one of the main methods in modern society. Antimicrobial can be found in plants and molds which can be used to treat a variety of diseases for medical purposes. The development of antimicrobials led to antimicrobial drugs such as penicillin. 

Development of Antimicrobials

This is yet another result of how microbiology affects society through the process of bioremediation leverages microbial metabolism to remove toxic compounds/pollutants. Some bioremediation processes rely on microorganisms that are originating close to the contamination site. 

Bioremediation

This is a type of therapy that involves the use of bacterial viruses known as bacteriophages to treat common bacterial infections with one example being listeriosis that which is a common form of food poison. 

Phage Therapy

Microbiology impacted society through food and beverage production such as beer, wine, bread, yogurt, cheese, and pickled vegetables through the use of fermentation to enhance the taste and preserve the goods longer. 

Learn Before

Related

Learn After