- increase in perceptual sensitivity and improved vigilance in a sustained visual attention task
- increased activation in the attention network (prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate among other regions)
- less impulsiveness, tolerance to stressors, and heightened self-esteem
- increased response inhibition predicting adaptive socio-emotional functioning 
- reduced ruminative thinking and anxiety 
- increased empathy and self-compassion 
- reduced stress symptoms, helps in the process of positive reappraisal to deal with stress

Cognitive and Psychological Effects of Meditation Retreats

Valence typically refers to positivity and negativity of an object or situation. These appraisals tell us if it should be approached or avoided.

Alma College

Some appraisals dimensions are considered innate; that is, we are born with a disposition to evaluate objects on these dimensions to facilitate survival.
- Valence
- Novelty 

Innate Appraisals: Valence and Novelty

Niedenthal, P. M., & Ric, F. (2017). Psychology of Emotion (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.

Psychology of Emotion

Valence

Novelty refers to the ability to detect new objects or changes in the environment. These appraisals tell us if something is significant enough to pay attention to or not.

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