Viruses can be transmitted through different types of contact to transmit the pathogen from host to host causing a variety of infectious diseases due to the host range viruses can be very difficult to eradicate. 

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An acellular obligate intracellular parasite

Viruses

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

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- Animal viruses
- Bacteriophage 
- Plant viruses

Types of Viruses

There  is a wide range of viral structures such as
- Capsid
- Capsomer
- Viral envelope
- Spikes
- Sheath
- Tail fibers/pins
- Genetic Material

Common Viral Structures

Some common characteristics of viruses is that acellular, obligate intracellular parasites with host  specificity. They can have either a DNA or RNA genome. The genome can be surrounded by a protein capsid, or a phospholipid membrane for enveloped viruses. Many viruses lack the genes necessary for reproduction so they require host cell genomes for reproduction.

Characteristics of Viruses

Viral Disease

Viruses can be isolated through infected host cells for the cultivation of virions within the medium through separation methods such as centrifugation or filtration.

Isolation of Viruses

Viruses can be grown in vivo (within a whole living organism, plant, or animal) or in vitro (outside a living organism in cells in an artificial environment. Some common ways include cultivation through eggs or petri dishes. 

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