*Treponema pallidum* s a gram-negative bacteria that has lipoproteins can activate the host immune response. This can cause damage to host tissues and allow the pathogen to evade the host immune system and spread. 

University of Wisconsin - Madison

*Treponema pallidum* is a gram-negative bacteria that causes the disease syphilis. 

*Treponema pallidum*

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Virulence factors of *Treponema pallidum*

In order to diagnose syphilis infections, it is important to know the three stages of syphilis infection: 
- Primary syphilis
- Secondary syphilis
- Tertiary syphilis

Stages of Syphilis Infection

- nontreponemal serologic test
- treponemal serologic test
- Silver stain microscopy

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