Anchoring bias: people’s tendency to rely on information given at the beginning.


Example of Cognitive Processing Error


Subconscious biases can lead people to accept only information that aligns with their beliefs. 


New York University

Cognitive Processing Error

Filter For Information

Preconception

Model Mechanism


Approaches to Biases in Visual Analytics


Wall, E., Blaha, L.M., Paul, C.L., Cook, K., Endert, A. (2018). Four Perspectives on Human Bias in Visual Analytics. In: Ellis, G. (eds) Cognitive Biases in Visualizations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95831-6_3



Four Perspectives on Human Bias in Visual Analytics

Visual Analytics Bias as Cognitive Processing Error


Biases can direct people’s attention to certain information. 

Related to an individual's perceptual limitations in terms of visualizations. 


Visual Analytics Bias as Filter For Information


Biases that come from the individual’s cultural background, self-confidence, personality, willingness to take risks. 

Though they may be unconscious and irrelevant to the data at hand, they can still impact the individual’s perception of information. 


Visual Analytics Bias as Preconception


In cognitive modeling, biases can be organized under models of mental organization or models of decision-making dynamics. 


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