al-Qushayri likens the Sufi to one afflicted with barsam, a delirious fever: at the outset the sufferer raves (hadhayan), and once the condition takes firm hold they fall silent. Applied to the mystical path, purity (safwat) has two sides — wajd, the inward ecstasy or finding, and numud, the outward display. Numud belongs to beginners, whose ecstatic expression is still a form of raving (hadhayan); as the state matures, the seeker passes beyond outward display into the stillness of true wajd. The concept teaches that verbal ecstatic outpouring marks the immature stage of the path, while inward realization tends toward silence.