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What is the minimum F1 score, and when does it occur?

Question: An evaluation report summarizes a classifier with precision and recall. Since F1 is the harmonic mean of those two values, what is the smallest possible F1 score, and what condition on precision or recall produces it?

Sample answer: The minimum F1 score is 0. This happens whenever either precision is 0 or recall is 0.

Key points:

  • The lowest possible F1 value is 0.
  • F1 becomes 0 if precision is 0 or recall is 0.

Rubric: The response must state that the minimum F1 score is 0 and explain that this occurs when precision or recall equals 0.

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Updated 2026-08-12

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