University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Viruses use different virulence factors to gain access to a host cell and cause disease.

Viral Virulence Factors

**Antigenic shift** is a major change in spike proteins due to gene reassortment that occurs when two different influenza viruses infect the same host.

Antigenic Shift

**Antigenic drift** is the result of point mutations causing slight changes in the spike proteins hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N)

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