Willard Psychiatric Center in upstate New York exemplifies the poor treatment and living conditions common in many asylums, where patients received almost no real care and were often institutionalized for years at a time. Staff placed patients in cold-water baths for extended periods as one form of treatment. Electroshock therapy was another method used there, and it was frequently administered in a way that fractured patients' spines; facility records document 1,443 electroshock sessions given to patients in 1943 alone. Heating in many of the wards and rooms was so inadequate that water left standing overnight would freeze solid by the next morning. The facility remained open until it finally shut down in 1995.