Concept

Wine and Mystical Union in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 44, Poem 66)

In Poem 66 of Chapter 44 in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the speaker describes a state of perfect union (visal) devoid of separation, accompanied by wine, a minstrel, and a beloved. The paradoxical closing line, 'Through this forbidden water, making our own blood lawful,' employs the motif of 'forbidden water' (wine) to signify a profound spiritual intoxication. This intoxication transgresses conventional boundaries, implying that the mystic willingly sacrifices their own life and ego (making their blood lawful to shed) to achieve and sustain this ultimate divine union.

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course