Invent technologies that are central to your story's plot. Ground them in plausible scientific principles by extrapolating from real physics, chemistry, biology, or engineering, even if the resulting technology is far beyond today's capabilities.

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Writing hard sci-fi involves four sequential steps: researching real scientific concepts and theories to ground the story, creating the setting (planet, space station, or multiple worlds), developing unique but scientifically plausible technologies central to the plot, and outlining the societal and political structures shaped by those technologies.

Steps of Writing Science Fiction Hard Sci-Fi

Investigate current scientific theories and advancements that could serve as the foundation for your story's technologies and phenomena. This could include quantum mechanics, space travel, artificial intelligence, and more.

Writing Science Fiction Hard Sci-Fi - Step 1: Research Scientific Concepts

Decide whether your story takes place on Earth, a distant planet, a space station, or across multiple worlds. Consider how the environment and culture of these settings affect your story.

Writing Science Fiction Hard Sci-Fi - Step 2: Create Your Setting

Describe the societal and political systems in your universe. Consider how advancements in technology have shaped governance, social hierarchies, and daily life.

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