 Caesar, Holger (2019-03-01), A list of papers on Generative Adversarial (Neural) Networks: nightrome/really-awesome-gan, retrieved 2019-03-02

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

GAN applications have increased rapidly:

1. Fashion, art and advertising.

2. Science.

3. Video games.

4. Miscellaneous applications.

Applications of GAN

 A list of papers on Generative Adversarial (Neural) Networks: nightrome/really-awesome-gan

GANs can be used to generate art; The Verge wrote in March 2019 that "The images created by GANs have become the defining look of contemporary AI art." GANs can also be used to inpaint photographs or create photos of imaginary fashion models, with no need to hire a model, photographer or makeup artist, or pay for a studio and transportation.

Fashion, art and advertising

In 2018, GANs reached the video game modding community, as a method of up-scaling low-resolution 2D textures in old video games by recreating them in 4k or higher resolutions via image training, and then down-sampling them to fit the game's native resolution (with results resembling the supersampling method of anti-aliasing). With proper training, GANs provide a clearer and sharper 2D texture image magnitudes higher in quality than the original, while fully retaining the original's level of details, colors, etc. Known examples of extensive GAN usage include Final Fantasy VIII, Final Fantasy IX, Resident Evil REmake HD Remaster, and Max Payne

Video games

Concerns have been raised about the potential use of GAN-based human image synthesis for sinister purposes, e.g., to produce fake, possibly incriminating, photographs and videos. GANs can be used to generate unique, realistic profile photos of people who do not exist, in order to automate creation of fake social media profiles.

In 2019 the state of California considered and passed on October 3, 2019 the bill AB-602, which bans the use of human image synthesis technologies to make fake pornography without the consent of the people depicted, and bill AB-730, which prohibits distribution of manipulated videos of a political candidate within 60 days of an election. Both bills were authored by Assembly member Marc Berman and signed by Governor Gavin Newsom. The laws will come into effect in 2020.

DARPA's Media Forensics program studies ways to counteract fake media, including fake media produced using GANs.

Concerns about malicious applications

1. GAN can be used to detect glaucomatous images helping the early diagnosis which is essential to avoid partial or total loss of vision

2. GANs that produce photorealistic images can be used to visualize interior design, industrial design, shoes, bags, and clothing items or items for computer games' scenes.Such networks were reported to be used by Facebook.

3. GANs can reconstruct 3D models of objects from images, and model patterns of motion in video.

4. GANs can be used to age face photographs to show how an individual's appearance might change with age.

5. Relevance feedback on GANs can be used to generate images and replace image search systems.


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Miscellaneous applications

GANs can improve astronomical images and simulate gravitational lensing for dark matter research. They were used in 2019 to successfully model the distribution of dark matter in a particular direction in space and to predict the gravitational lensing that will occur.

GANs have been proposed as a fast and accurate way of modeling high energy jet formation  and modeling showers through calorimeters of high-energy physics experiments. GANs have also been trained to accurately approximate bottlenecks in computationally expensive simulations of particle physics experiments. Applications in the context of present and proposed CERN experiments have demonstrated the potential of these methods for accelerating simulation and/or improving simulation fidelity.

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