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A young monkey, having never encountered a hawk, sees its mother give a loud alarm call and hide when a hawk flies overhead. Later, when the young monkey is alone and sees a hawk, it also gives an alarm call and hides. Which principle best explains the young monkey's new behavior?

A young monkey sees an older, more experienced monkey in its group recoil in fear and give a loud alarm call upon seeing a snake. Later, when the young monkey encounters a snake for the first time on its own, it immediately displays the same fear response and gives an alarm call, despite having had no prior negative personal interaction with a snake. Which principle best explains the young monkey's behavior?