*Spirillum minor* is a bacterium characterized by an amphitrichous flagellar arrangement, meaning it has a flagellum or tufts of flagella at each end. This pathogen is the causative agent of spirillary (Asian) rat-bite fever, also known as sodoku.

Spirillum minor

Bacteria with amphitrichous flagella possess a single flagellum or tufts of flagella at each end of the cell. For example, *Spirillum minor* is an amphitrichously flagellated pathogen that causes spirillary (Asian) rat-bite fever (sodoku).

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The arrangement of the flagella is organized into four types:
- Monotrichous 
- Lophotrichous
- Amphitrichous 
- Peritrichous 

Arrangement of Flagella

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

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A monotrichous flagellum is a singular flagellum typically located at one end (polar) of a bacterial cell. An example of a pathogen with this arrangement is *Vibrio cholerae*, the gram-negative bacterium that causes cholera.

Monotrichous Flagellum

Amphitrichous Flagella

Lophotrichous flagella are arranged as a tuft at one end of a bacterial cell. An example of a bacterium with this configuration is *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, a gram-negative bacillus and opportunistic pathogen that causes infections such as swimmer's ear and burn wound infections.

Lophotrichous Flagella

Peritrichous flagella cover the entire surface of a bacterial cell. The gram-negative bacterium *Escherichia coli* is an example of a species that exhibits this peritrichous arrangement.

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