Claim is  the central component of the argument that is controversial and needs support.

Claim

Premises are the reasons given by the author to persuade the reader by supporting or attacking the claim or other premises.

Premise

Relations between claims and premises, for example: support and attack.

Argumentative Relations

Include claims, premises, and argumentative relations.

Hamilton College

Argumentation structure provides a way to arrange globally related sentences in a discourse. For example in persuasive essays people use claims and supporting premises.

The computational analysis of people’s arguments is called argument mining.

Algorithms for discovering argumentation structure often include classifiers for identifying claims, premises, or non-argumentation, together with relation classifiers for deciding if two spans have the SUPPORT, ATTACK, or neither relation.


Argumentation Structure

An on-going but a helpful book resource about NLP
https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/

Speech and Language Processing (3rd ed. draft) 

 - The first sentence (1) presents a claim (in bold).


 - (2) and (3) present two premises supporting the claim. 


 - (4) gives a premise supporting premise (3)




Example of a persuasive essay

Argumentation Structure of a Persuasive Essay

Analyzing people’s argumentation computationally.

Argumentation Mining

The study of arguments dates back to Aristotle, who in his Rhetorics described
the three components of a good argument.

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