Premises are the reasons given by the author to persuade the reader by supporting or attacking the claim or other premises.

Hamilton College

Include claims, premises, and argumentative relations.

Annotations of Argumentative Components

An on-going but a helpful book resource about NLP
https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/

Claim is  the central component of the argument that is controversial and needs support.

Relations between claims and premises, for example: support and attack.