1Cademy - Antibody Binding Responses to SARS-CoV-2

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Longitudinal Evaluation and Decline of Antibody Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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Antibody Binding Responses to SARS-CoV-2

The optical density at 1:50 serum dilution was measured for 300 samples from 65 patients. 2/65 individuals had no measurable antibody response, likely because their sera were only collected 2 and 8 days post-symptom onset (POS); they probably seroconverted later (average seroconversion against at least 1 antigen: 12.6 days POS).
IgG responses to S, RBD, and N antigens occurred in 92.3%, 89.2%, and 93.8% of individuals; IgM responses occurred in 92.3%, 92.3%, and 95.4%. IgA responses to RBD and N were lower (72.3% and 84.6% seropositive), while IgA to S matched the IgG/IgM rates.
51.6% of individuals seroconverted synchronously to IgG, IgM, and IgA, while 9.7% each showed singular seroconversion to only IgG, only IgM, or only IgA.
58.1% seroconverted synchronously to S, RBD, and N antigens, whereas 16.1% showed singular seroconversion to either N or S alone.
IgM and IgA responses to all three antigens declined between 20 and 30 days POS, while the IgG response remained high up to 94 days POS. Responses also differed by disease severity when half-maximal binding ( $EC_{50}$ ) was measured.

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Updated 2026-07-11

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Princeton University

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SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Biomedical Sciences

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