Bear, R. & Rintoul, D. (N/A). Figure 8.3, Modified from original work by Bear and Rintoul. N/A: OpenStax. p. 291.

University of Notre Dame

The negatively charged phosphate groups in ATP repel each other, leading to high-energy phosphate bonds. When these bonds are broken and phosphate group(s) released (dephosphorylation), energy is released to help drive endergonic reactions. The addition of a phosphate group (phosphorylation) to ADP regenerates ATP.

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Energy Release and Regeneration through ATP/ADP

ATP Breakdown and Regeneration (OpenStax Microbiology - Figure 8.3) 

A method for producing ATP in which a high-energy phosphate group from an organic molecule is added to ADP

(Photo credits in References)

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