Bear, R. & Rintoul, D. (N/A). Figure 8.3, Modified from original work by Bear and Rintoul. N/A: OpenStax. p. 291.

ATP Breakdown and Regeneration (OpenStax Microbiology - Figure 8.3) 

A method for producing ATP in which a high-energy phosphate group from an organic molecule is added to ADP

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Substrate-level Phosphorylation

The negatively charged phosphate groups in ATP repel each other, leading to high-energy phosphate bonds. When these bonds are broken and phosphate group(s) released (dephosphorylation), energy is released to help drive endergonic reactions. The addition of a phosphate group (phosphorylation) to ADP regenerates ATP.

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University of Notre Dame

A compound comprised of adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups; the addition of another phosphate group (phosphorylation) - a process that requires energy - forms ATP

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

A nucleotide that provides the energy needed to drive essential physiological processes in living organisms through the breakage of a phosphate bond (ATP -> ADP + Pi)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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Energy Release and Regeneration through ATP/ADP

- Adenine
- Ribose
- Three phosphate groups

Components of ATP

Two ways to generate ATP include

- Substrate-level Phosphorylation
- Oxidative Phosphorylation

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