The potential autoimmune basis of narcolepsy is suggested by the strong correlation of the disorder with specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. This genetic association has prompted investigations into whether the immune system targets and attacks hypocretin-producing neurons. Mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, where pathogens resemble self-antigens, and bystander activation, when immune cells mistakenly target healthy cells, have been proposed as potential triggers for this autoimmunity.