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Based on the provided data, calculate the Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND) for both patients. Diagnose which patient demonstrated a stronger treatment effect from the intervention and justify your decision using the definition of PND.
Case context: A clinical psychologist is comparing the effectiveness of a new behavioral intervention for two different patients using a single-subject design aimed at decreasing aggressive outbursts. For Patient A, the most extreme (lowest) number of outbursts in the control condition is 3. In the treatment condition, Patient A has 10 sessions, with 8 sessions having fewer than 3 outbursts. For Patient B, the lowest number of outbursts in the control condition is 2. In the treatment condition, Patient B has 10 sessions, with 9 sessions having fewer than 2 outbursts.
Question: Based on the provided data, calculate the Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND) for both patients. Diagnose which patient demonstrated a stronger treatment effect from the intervention and justify your decision using the definition of PND.
Sample answer: For Patient A, 8 out of 10 treatment sessions are more extreme than the control condition, resulting in a PND of . For Patient B, 9 out of 10 treatment sessions are more extreme than the control, yielding a PND of . Patient B demonstrated a stronger treatment effect because a greater percentage of non-overlapping data indicates a stronger treatment effect.
Key points:
- Calculates Patient A's PND as .
- Calculates Patient B's PND as .
- Concludes that Patient B shows the stronger treatment effect.
- Justifies the conclusion by stating that a higher PND corresponds to a stronger treatment effect.
Rubric: The response must accurately calculate the PND for both Patient A and Patient B, correctly identify Patient B as having the stronger effect, and explicitly link this to the concept that a higher PND equals a stronger treatment effect.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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Assuming a researcher's goal is to increase a target behavior in a single-subject design, arrange the steps for calculating the Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND) in the correct order.
A researcher is evaluating an intervention designed to increase target behaviors in a single-subject study. Match each data scenario to the correct calculation and interpretation of the Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND).
When evaluating the results of single-subject research, a Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND) of provides conclusive evidence that the intervention had no effect on the target behavior.
In single-subject research, what does a greater Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND) indicate?
In a single-subject research study aimed at decreasing a problem behavior, a Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND) of indicates that every data point in the treatment phase was lower than the lowest data point recorded in the baseline phase.
A researcher uses a single-subject design to increase a student's time on task. Baseline scores (minutes) across four sessions are: 12, 15, 13, and 16. Treatment scores across ten sessions are: 18, 17, 16, 19, 20, 21, 15, 18, 19, and 22. The Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND) for this study is _____%.
A researcher is using a single-subject design to evaluate an intervention designed to increase a participant's daily steps. During the baseline (control) phase, the highest recorded number of steps is 4,000. During the treatment phase, the participant records the following daily step counts across five sessions: 3,500, 4,200, 4,500, 3,800, and 5,000. Apply the definition of the Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND) to calculate the PND for this study and explain what your result indicates about the treatment effect. Provide a concise analytical response.
Based on the provided data, calculate the Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND) for both patients. Diagnose which patient demonstrated a stronger treatment effect from the intervention and justify your decision using the definition of PND.
A researcher conducts a single-subject study and calculates a Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND) of . The researcher concludes that this metric indicates a highly successful and strong treatment effect. In one to three sentences, evaluate the validity of the researcher's conclusion based on the principles of PND.