To study if narrative corrections were a viable method for countering belief echoes, Sangalang et al. compared narratives that contained an emotional correction, a non-emotional correction, and no correction and their effect on misinformation endorsement. Their messaging related to false claims about "all natural" cigarettes and tobacco products. 

Studying Narrative Correctives to Misinformation

The term relating to the persistent false beliefs that remain even after the misinformation correction has been consciously accepted; the result of the continued influence effect. 

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

People continue to believe false information even after it has been proven wrong, especially as it pertains to politics


Continued Influence Effect

Sangalang, A., Ophir, Y., Capella, J. N. (2019). The Potential for Narrative Correctives to Combat Misinformation. Journal of Communication, 69(3), 298-319. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqz014

The Potential for Narrative Correctives to Combat Misinformation

Belief Echoes

- Memory Processes
- Perceptual Fluency
- Mental Models (MM) Account
- Knowledge Revision Components Framework

Continued Influence Effect: Models

Retraction can reduce people’s trust in misinformation. 


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