The reliability of a source from which retractions occur can impact retractions’ effectiveness. 


Retraction Source Reliability

When the source has high credibility (high in both its expertise and trustworthiness), inoculation can effectively decrease the continued influence effect, increasing the belief in retraction and decreasing the belief in misinformation. 


Effectiveness of Inoculation in Retraction

Retraction can reduce people’s trust in misinformation. 


New York University

People continue to believe false information even after it has been proven wrong, especially as it pertains to politics


Continued Influence Effect

Buczel M, Szyszka PD, Siwiak A, Szpitalak M, Polczyk R (2022) Vaccination against misinformation: The inoculation technique reduces the continued influence effect. PLoS ONE 17(4): e0267463. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267463

Vaccination against misinformation: The inoculation technique reduces the continued influence effect

The term relating to the persistent false beliefs that remain even after the misinformation correction has been consciously accepted; the result of the continued influence effect. 

Belief Echoes

- Memory Processes
- Perceptual Fluency
- Mental Models (MM) Account
- Knowledge Revision Components Framework

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