Pathogens residing within biofilms often exhibit increased resistance to antibiotics. This heightened resistance can be attributed to several factors: phenotypic changes in the bacteria, physical protection by the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) which slows antibiotic diffusion, and the presence of metabolically inactive cells deep within the biofilm that are less susceptible to antibiotics. Additionally, the close proximity of cells in a biofilm facilitates the exchange of resistance genes via horizontal gene transfer.

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Biofilms are prevalent inside of human bodies and on many of the devices we use. While few biofilms are helpful for example in our intestinal and respiratory tracts, many can be harmful to our health.

Applications of Biofilms to Human Health

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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