Comparison

Comparison of the Onion and Garlic Metaphors in Sections 37 and 46 of the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

While both Section 37 and Section 46 of Sanai's Hadiqat al-Haqiqah employ the botanical metaphors of the onion (representing an appealing outer appearance that masks a hollow, layered interior) and garlic (representing a foul inner nature), they target different subjects. In Section 37, Sanai uses this imagery for a specific, personal satirical attack on the false poet Hakim Tale'i, criticizing the vacuity of his verses and his offensive character. In contrast, in Section 46, the metaphor is generalized to criticize the broader societal and spiritual hypocrisy of arrogant, ignorant pretenders (the da'iyan), shifting from individual literary satire to universal moral condemnation.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course