•	Academic performance is negatively impacted by mobile phone use.

•	Using Facebook and texting while doing schoolwork was negatively correlated with overall semester GPA. This kind of multitasking may affect students’ capacity for cognitive processing, hindering deeper learning.

•	A lower self-reported GPA was associated with more time spent on instant messaging in class.

•	A significant and negative relationship was found between texting while studying and college students GPA after controlling for demographic variables, self-efficacy for self-regulated learning, self-efficacy for academic achievement, and high school GPA.

•	U.S. students' overall GPA was negatively impacted by their texting and multitasking habits.

•	The multiple use of digital media technologies and social networking platforms by students while studying is negatively impacted by the utilization of various digital media technologies.

Finding of mobile phone use's impacts on academic performance

•	Reading comprehension was not affected by either the medium or multitasking conditions; however, multitaskers demonstrated markedly reduced efficiency.

•	A computer without Internet access significantly improved report quality compared to a computer with Internet access.

•	By taking notes on paper, internet access was greatly reduced in its negative effects.

Findings of laptop multitasking

•	Effects of mobile phone use on academic performance.

•	Effects of laptop use on reading comprehension and task performance.

University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

While studying or doing coursework outside of class, students are more likely to get distracted by laptops and smartphones as they are easily accessible to alternative media sources such as email, Facebook, and Instant Messaging (IM).

Multitasking outside of class

May, K.E., Elder, A.D. Efficient, helpful, or distracting? A literature review of media multitasking in relation to academic performance. Int J Educ Technol High Educ 15, 13 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-018-0096-z


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