a learner’s cognitive development is highly dependent on social interaction and collaboration with more capable and knowledgeable others

Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky, 1978)

Social constructivism is based on the idea that an individual person constructs his or her knowledge through the process of negotiating meanings with others.

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

-  Providing only lectures, or video recordings of lectures, risks leaving students behind with cognitive gaps and misunderstandings if they cannot ask questions (Teaching Presence). 
-  The quality of deep learning depends on the quality of facilitation in the seminar, mediated by Social Presence. 
-  Seminars in the collaborative space fostered deep learning of the theory, and enabled students to apply the prepared theory in case studies and solve problems. Integration and particularly Resolution in Cognitive Presence of CoI featured in the seminars, while Social Presence was the weakest.
-  The most salient contribution of the seminars was Cognitive and Teaching Presence, with some Social Presence implied, confirming the importance of constructivist pedagogy to achieve deep applied learning. 

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