CQ is a better treatment option for COVID-19 compared to Ritonavir. However, HCQ and azithromycin should not be combined when treating COVID-19 patients. It was found that the effectiveness of HCQ was greater in those presenting with symptoms.


CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 Treatment

- CQ and HCQ prevent the release of prostaglandins, which are known to cause inflammation; this, in turn, prevents damage to tissue
- CQ prevents thrombin formation
- CQ inhibits phospholipase A2, which is known to cause viral replication in SARS-CoV-2
- CQ/HCQ decreases the presence of platelets
- HCQ prevents endothelial damage
- As a result of anti-inflammation due to CQ and HCQ, it is possible for a decrease in iron levels
- HAMP production is decreased when cytokines responsible for inflammation are decreased


Michigan State University

- Inhibits N-glycosylation to prevents ACE2 receptors from binding onto the surface of the host cell
- Prevents maturation of the viral spike proteins, which includes SARS-CoV-2, by inhibiting N-glycosylation
- CQ/HCQ prevents buildup of sialic acid, which is responsible for viral entry
- CQ inhibits PICALM action, decreasing viral entry
- In SARS-CoV-2, CQ/HCQ inhibits viral entry after the onset of the virus
- CQ may be able to prevent TGN vesicles from transporting the virus into the lungs (observed in the Chikungunya virus)
- CQ prevents p38 MAPK from  spreading the virus to the respiratory tract
- There was not a significant variation between the cytotoxicity of CQ and HCQ
- CQ may be more efficient at inhibition viral action compared to HCQ
- CQ and HCQ inhibit the maturation of endocytotic cells to transport the viral particles into the cell


CQ and HCQ Roles In Fighting SARS-CoV-2

Roldan, E. Q., Biasiotto, G., Magro, P., & Zanella, I. (2020). The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): A role for iron homeostasis?. Pharmacological Research, 104904.

The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): A role for iron homeostasis?

Learn Before

Related

Learn After