When group members have negative views towards nonmembers of their group, not limited to nonmembers who are related to the group in an obvious way. 

University of California, Davis

Greifeneder, R., Jaffe, M., Newman, E., & Schwarz, N. (Eds.). (2021). The Psychology of Fake News: Accepting, Sharing, and Correcting Misinformation (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429295379

The Psychology of Fake News

Lyons, B., Merola, V., & Reifler, J. (2021). How bad is the fake news problem? The role of baseline information in public perceptions. In R. Greifeneder, M. Jaffé, E. J. Newman, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), The psychology of fake news: Accepting, sharing, and correcting misinformation (pp. 11–26). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429295379

How bad is the fake news problem? The role of baseline information in public perceptions

Ackland, R., & Gwynn, K. (2020). Truth and the dynamics of news diffusion on twitter. In R. Greifeneder, M. Jaffé, E. J. Newman, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), The psychology of fake news: Accepting, sharing, and correcting misinformation (pp. 27–46). London: Routledge. 

Truth and the dynamics of news diffusion on twitter

Bar-Ilan, J., & Halevi, G. (2020). Retracted articles: The scientific version of fake news. In R. Greifeneder, M. Jaffé, E. J. Newman, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), The psychology of fake news: Accepting, sharing, and correcting misinformation (pp. 47–70). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429295379

Retracted articles: The scientific version of fake news

Newman, E. J., & Zhang, L. (2020). Truthiness: How non-probative photos shape belief. In R. Greifeneder, M. Jaffé, E. J. Newman, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), The psychology of fake news: Accepting, sharing, and correcting misinformation (pp. 90–114). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429295379

Truthiness: How non-probative photos shape belief

Marsh, E. J., & Stanley, M. (2020). False beliefs: Byproducts of an adaptive knowledge base? In R. Greifeneder, M. Jaffé, E. J. Newman, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), The psychol- ogy of fake news: Accepting, sharing, and correcting misinformation (pp. 131–146). London: Routledge. 

False beliefs: Byproducts of an adaptive knowledge base? 

Oyserman, D., & Dawson, A. (2020). Your fake news, our facts: Identity-based motivation shapes what we believe, share, and accept. In R. Greifeneder, M. Jaffé, E. J. New- man, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), The psychology of fake news: Accepting, sharing, and correcting misinformation (pp. 173–195). London: Routledge. 

Your fake news, our facts: Identity-based motivation shapes what we believe, share, and accept

Axt, J. R., Landau, M. J., & Kay, A. C. (2020). Fake news attributions as a source of nonspecific structure. In R. Greifeneder, M. Jaffé, E. J. Newman, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), *The psychology of fake news: Accepting, sharing, and correcting misinformation* (pp. 220–234). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429295379-15

Fake news attributions as a source of nonspecific structure

Schwarz, N., & Jalbert, M. (2021). When (Fake) News Feels True: Intuitions of truth and the acceptance and correction of misinformation. In R. Greifeneder, M. E. Jaffé, E. J. Newman, & N. Schwarz, The Psychology of Fake News: Accepting, Saring, and Correcting Misinformation. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429295379


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Cross-Group Bias

van der Linden, S., & Roozenbeek, J. (2021). Psychological Inoculation Against Fake News. In R. Greifeneder, M. E. Jaffé, E. J. Newman, & N. Schwarz, The Psychology of Fake News: Accepting, Sharing, and Correcting Misinformation. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429295379

Psychological Inoculation Against Fake News

Albarracín, D. (2021). Conspiracy beliefs: Knowledge, ego-defense, and social integration. In R. Greifeneder, M. Jaffé, E. J. Newman, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), *The psychology of fake news: Accepting, sharing, and correcting misinformation* (pp. 196–219). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429295379

Conspiracy Beliefs: Knowledge, Ego-Defense, and Social Integration

Jaffé, M. E., & Greifeneder, R. (2020). Can that be true or is it fake news? New perspectives on the negativity bias in judgments of truth. In R. Greifeneder, M. Jaffé, E. J. Newman, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), The psychology of fake news: Accepting, sharing, and correcting misinformation (pp. 115–130). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429295379

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