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Describe the two primary ways statistical values can be integrated into an APA-style results section, and state the rules for spelling out or abbreviating the names of the statistics in each format.
Question: Describe the two primary ways statistical values can be integrated into an APA-style results section, and state the rules for spelling out or abbreviating the names of the statistics in each format.
Sample answer: In an APA-style results section, statistical values can be presented either directly within the narrative sentence or placed in parentheses at the end of a statement. When describing a statistic in the narrative text, its name must be fully spelled out, such as writing 'mean' or 'standard deviation'. Conversely, when reporting a statistic inside parentheses, standard abbreviations or symbols must be used, such as or . Additionally, writing results out in the text is often most efficient when reporting a small number of results.
Key points:
- Statistics can be integrated directly into the narrative sentence.
- Statistics can be placed within parentheses at the end of a statement.
- If described in the narrative text, the statistic's name is fully spelled out.
- If reported inside parentheses, the standard abbreviation or symbol must be used.
Rubric: Award full credit if the student accurately describes both narrative and parenthetical placement and correctly identifies when to spell out terms versus when to use abbreviations or symbols.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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Examples of Narrative and Parenthetical Statistics
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