Dialectical thinking refers to a cognitive pattern characterized by people' capacity to tolerate contradictions without experiencing the need to resolve them by outrightly rejecting one perspective in favor of another. 

Dialectical Thinking

- Causal-Determinist
- Dialectical-Algorithmic
- Holographical-Panoramic
- Vortical-Synergetic 

4 Forms of Cognitive Style

- Static vs. Dynamic
- Positivist vs. Negativist
- Evolution vs. Involution

New York University

How an individual goes about engaging in cognitive tasks such as perceiving, thinking, remembering, and problem-solving.

Cognitive Styles 

V. Gulenko (2002). Gulenko Cognitive Styles. Wikisocion. https://wikisocion.github.io/content/cognitive_styles.html

Gulenko Cognitive Styles (2002)

- verbalizers
- spatial visualizers
- object visualizers

Common Cognitive Styles Present in Groups

Groups with an intermediate level of cognitive style diversity had more collective intelligence than those with a lot or very little diversity. This could be because groups with too much diversity could not effectively communicate and groups with too little did not have an adequate range of skills to perform better. 

Correlation Between Cognitive Style Diversity and Collective Intelligence

3 Dimensions of Cognitive Style

1. Denial
2. Discounting
3. Differentiation 
4. Dialectical Thinking

4 Forms of Cognitive Style in Processing Contradictions

• Overgeneralizing

• Using selective abstraction

• Taking excessive responsibility

• Assuming temporal causality

• Making excessive self-references

• Catastrophizing

• Engaging in dichotomous thinking 


Types of Cognitive Distortions

Diversity of "cognitive style" refers to the psychological dimensions of each individual in the group for information acquisition and processing are different from one another. 

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