The belief that if something is true in one situation, it will be true in all similar situations.

Overgeneralizing

Seriously considering only situations of failure, defeat, frustration, or dispossession.

Using Selective Abstraction

When a person believes that they are guilty of every aversive event that happens to them or to the people whom the person is close to. 

Taking Excessive Responsibility

The assumption that if a situation happened before, it would always happen. 

Assuming Temporal Causality

Believing that your imperfections and slips are the focus of people’s attention. 

Making Excessive Self-References

Continuously expecting the worst and being convinced of its occurrence.

Catastrophizing

The tendency to perceive things as one extreme or another instead of a mix of both. 

Engaging in Dichotomous Thinking

• Overgeneralizing

• Using selective abstraction

• Taking excessive responsibility

• Assuming temporal causality

• Making excessive self-references

• Catastrophizing

• Engaging in dichotomous thinking 


State University of New York at Albany

New York University

The characteristic way an individual engages in cognitive tasks such as perceiving, thinking, remembering, and problem-solving.

Cognitive Style

Whitbourne, S. K. (2023). Abnormal psychology: Clinical perspective on psychological disorder. (10th ed.). McGraw Hill.

Types of Cognitive Distortions Reference

- verbalizers
- spatial visualizers
- object visualizers

Common Cognitive Styles Present in Groups

Groups with an intermediate level of cognitive style diversity had more collective intelligence than those with a lot or very little diversity. This could be because groups with too much diversity could not effectively communicate and groups with too little did not have an adequate range of skills to perform better. 

Correlation Between Cognitive Style Diversity and Collective Intelligence

- Static vs. Dynamic
- Positivist vs. Negativist
- Evolution vs. Involution

3 Dimensions of Cognitive Style

1. Denial
2. Discounting
3. Differentiation 
4. Dialectical Thinking

4 Forms of Cognitive Style in Processing Contradictions

Types of Cognitive Distortions

Diversity of "cognitive style" refers to the psychological dimensions of each individual in the group for information acquisition and processing are different from one another. 

Cognitive Style Diversity

References for Types of Cognitive Distortions 

Explanatory style refers to an individual's habitual way of explaining the bad events that happen to them. People with a more pessimistic explanatory style tend to blame themselves and expect long-term negative consequences that affect many aspects of their lives. In contrast, those with a more optimistic explanatory style tend to blame outside forces and expect limited negative consequences.

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