- Individual discrimination
- Structural discrimination

Types of Discrimination in Healthcare

In healthcare, discrimination occurs at both the individual and systemic level. The unjust actions that contribute to discrimination usually favors the powerful and wealthy population over the vulnerable and poor population. 


Saint Louis University

- Discrimination
- Community involvement and social cohesion

Social and Community Context as a Social Determinant of Health

Societal prejudice being utilized either formally through law or informally through societal custom in order to create an unjustified distinction between two groups. Often this materializes in restriction of access to societal institutions or privileges available to others.

Discrimination

Singu S, Acharya A, Challagundla K and Byrareddy SN. (2020). Impact of
Social Determinants of Health on the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic in the
United States. Frontiers in Public Health 8:406.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00406
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7385373/

Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

Discrimination in Healthcare

Social support is an important factor to consider when discussing an individual’s health. Social cohesion is a term used to describe social relationships, the strength of social relationships, and the sense of solidarity among community members. Social cohesion has been found to be correlated with less neighborhood violence and better self-rated health.  

Community involvement and Social Cohesion and Health

Protects individuals from systematic oppression from governments or other institutions and individuals. 

Civil and Political Rights

The quality of being discriminatory or prejudiced against those with disabilities.
Ableist behaviors can include stereotyping and devaluing people with disabilities or in some cases violence towards those with disabilities. 

Ableism (Disablism)

It is theorized that through the course of human evolution, humanity's tendency to form hunter-gatherer tribes around mutual group identities to be a critical part of why human beings continue to engage discrimination around these traits today.

Tribalism as a Precursor to Discrimination  

This node shows that Hispanics are the most underinsured population, and African Americans the second most. The Asian population and Caucasian populations have a much smaller rate of underinsurance.

Racial Discrimination in Health Care

Discrimination is present in systems that are designed to protect well-being and medical health. These systems include health care, housing, education, criminal justice and finance. Discrimination can lead to chronic stress and places those predisposed to social or economic disadvantages--namely racial or ethnic minority groups-- at a higher risk for COVID-19.

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