In healthcare, discrimination occurs at both the individual and systemic level. The unjust actions that contribute to discrimination usually favors the powerful and wealthy population over the vulnerable and poor population. 


Discrimination in Healthcare

Social support is an important factor to consider when discussing an individual’s health. Social cohesion is a term used to describe social relationships, the strength of social relationships, and the sense of solidarity among community members. Social cohesion has been found to be correlated with less neighborhood violence and better self-rated health.  

Community involvement and Social Cohesion and Health

- Discrimination
- Community involvement and social cohesion

Saint Louis University

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are social and economic factors that influence health outcomes. These factors play a significant role in the wide health disparities observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The social determinants of health are categorized into five crucial determinants:

- Health and health care
- Social and community context
- Neighborhood and built environment
- Education
- Economic stability

These five determinants are interrelated and can be considered as a cycle of events, where a determinant can be a cause or effect of another determinant. 

Effect of Social Determinants of Health on Disparate Health Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States 

Singu S, Acharya A, Challagundla K and Byrareddy SN. (2020). Impact of
Social Determinants of Health on the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic in the
United States. Frontiers in Public Health 8:406.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00406
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7385373/

Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

- Health literacy
- Access to health care and primary care 


Health and Health care as a Social Determinant of Health

Social and Community Context as a Social Determinant of Health

- Access to healthy foods
- Environmental conditions of neighborhood

Neighborhood and Built Environment as a Social Determinant of Health

- High School Graduation
- Language and English Literacy


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