One’s education level is a significant factor in determining one’s employment aspects and opportunities. The type of job that one has determines one’s income, health insurance benefits, paid sick leave, and parental leave. Furthermore, racial disparities are seen in the workplace. White people are more likely to hold white-collar positions, while black people and other minorities are more likely to work blue-collar jobs. Discrimination in the workplace can cause stress, anxiety, depression, and other negative health outcomes. 

Employment and Health

Saint Louis University

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are social and economic factors that influence health outcomes. These factors play a significant role in the wide health disparities observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The social determinants of health are categorized into five crucial determinants:

- Health and health care
- Social and community context
- Neighborhood and built environment
- Education
- Economic stability

These five determinants are interrelated and can be considered as a cycle of events, where a determinant can be a cause or effect of another determinant. 

Effect of Social Determinants of Health on Disparate Health Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States 

Singu S, Acharya A, Challagundla K and Byrareddy SN. (2020). Impact of
Social Determinants of Health on the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic in the
United States. Frontiers in Public Health 8:406.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00406
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7385373/

Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

- Health literacy
- Access to health care and primary care 


Health and Health care as a Social Determinant of Health

- Discrimination
- Community involvement and social cohesion

Social and Community Context as a Social Determinant of Health

- Access to healthy foods
- Environmental conditions of neighborhood

Neighborhood and Built Environment as a Social Determinant of Health

- High School Graduation
- Language and English Literacy


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