The steps of DNA replication are shared between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The steps of DNA replication are: 
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

The Steps of DNA Replication

While eukaryotes and prokaryotes have some differences between their processes of DNA replication, they share many of the same proteins needed for replication. These are: 

- DNA Polymerase
- Helicase
- Topoisomerase
- Sliding Clamp
- Primase
- Single-stranded binding protein
- Ligase

Enzymes Involved in DNA Replication

- Lagging Strand
- Leading Strand
- Okazaki Fragment
- Replication Fork
- Replication Bubble

Key Components of DNA Replication

DNA Replication shares many of the same enzymes and components across organisms. However, there are key difference between many of them.

Here we designate the different types of DNA replication: 
- Prokaryotic DNA Replication
- Eukaryotic DNA Replication

Classifications of DNA Replication by the Domains of Life

DNA replication is the copying of the genome. It happens in prokaryotic, archaeal, eukaryotic and viral genomes. DNA replication is semiconservative. This describes how, during DNA replication, the DNA is separated and single strands serve as the template for the synthesized DNA. This was determined by Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl in 1958. 

University of Wisconsin - Madison

The genetics of eukaryotic organisms. This describes the genetic processes of eukaryotics that are distinct because their genetic material is contained in a nucleus. 

Eukaryotic genetics

The genetics of prokaryotic organisms. This is primarily focused on genes of the single, circular chromosome and extrachromosomal DNA found  in prokaryotes.

Prokaryotic genetics

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Gene expression refers to the processes of using the genetic code to make proteins.  This process occurs in two steps: transcription and translation. This occurs in all of the classifications of microbial genetics.
Gene expression is also described as the "Central Dogma of Molecular Biology" to describe the transfer of information of the genetic code in cells.

Gene Expression

DNA Replication

Horizontal gene transfer is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by the vertical transmission of DNA from parent to offspring. In bacteria, this process is a primary driver for the rapid spread of genetic traits, including antibiotic resistance genes.

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