Refers to a drug's ability to prefer affecting a particular cell population over others.  

Selectivity in Pharmacology

Refers to a drug's ability to cause a particular action in a given cell population.

Specificity in Pharmacology

The study of how pharmaceutical drugs affect living systems, especially the  biochemical and physiological consequences that result from taking such drugs. 



Pharmacodynamics 

The study of how living systems affect drugs. Pharmacokinetics studies the uptake of drugs by the body, the biotransformation they undergo, the distribution of drugs and their metabolitites in the tissues, and their subsequent elimination from the body.

Pharmacokinetics

The following are evaluated properties when optimizing a lead in drug design:

- Binding mechanisms
- Pharmacodynamic (interaction with lead target)
- Pharmacokinetic (ability to reach and bind to target)
- Potency 
- Safety
- Selectivity (particular population vs. another)
- Specificity (action in population)
- Stability
- Toxicological


Calvin College

The iterative process of designing and refining a drug candidate after identifying a chemical lead. The purpose is to keep favorable properties in lead compounds while filtering out or improving upon unfavorable ones.

4: Drug Design (Lead Optimization)

Deore, A., Dhumane, J., Wagh, R., & Sonawane, R. (2019). The Stages of Drug Discovery and Development Process. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 7(6), 62-67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v7i6.616

The Stages of Drug Discovery and Development Process

PharmaEducation

Drug Design Properties

Drug design that depends on the information of the biological target's 3D structure.

Direct Drug Design (Structure-Based)

Drug design based on the ligand information instead of the biological target itself. Ligand here refers to other molecules that bind to the target.

Indirect Drug Design (Ligand-Based)

CADD represents the computational models, methods, resources, and softwares available to aid the drug design and development process.

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