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DSM-5 Criteria for Agoraphobia
Patients must have fear for at least 6 months with at least 2 of the following situations:
- Using public transport
- Being in open spaces
- Being in an enclosed place (eg, shop, theater)
- Standing in line or being in a crowd
- Being alone outside the home
The fear must involve thoughts around the fact that escaping and getting help would be difficult. In addition:
- The situation must always trigger anxiety
- The situation must always be avoided or require a companion
- The fear is unreasonable
- The fear causes significant distress and interference
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Prevalence of Agoraphobia
An individual experiences intense anxiety about being in situations like crowded shopping malls or on public buses. Their primary concern is the thought of having a panic attack and being unable to escape or find help. Consequently, they have started to avoid these situations entirely. This specific pattern of fear and avoidance, centered on the difficulty of escape during panic, is the central feature of: