Helper molecules that bind to enzymes and help them function include:

- Cofactor
- Coenzyme

Types of Enzyme Helper Molecules

Enzymes can. be classified depending on whether they are interacting with their necessary cofactors of coenzymes. These include:

- Apoenzymes
- Holoenzymes

Enzyme Classifications Based on Helper Molecules

Enzyme Helper Molecule Diagram (Figure 8.7). Reprinted from OpenStax Microbiology (p. 300), by N. Parker, M. Shneegurt, A.-h. Thi Tu, B. M. Forester, and P. Lister, 2016, Rice University. Copyright 2016 by Rice University.

Enzyme Helper Molecule Diagram

A molecule that serves to promote conformational change and effective functioning of their associated enzymes

(Photo credits in References)

University of Notre Dame

Factors affecting enzymatic activity include:

- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Enzyme Helper Molecules
- Environmental Factors

Factors Affecting Enzymatic Activity

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A molecule that inhibit enzyme function as a means of regulating its activity

Enzyme Inhibitor

Enzyme Helper Molecule

Environmental factors including pH, substrate concentration, and temperature can affect enzyme function. Enzymes work within a range of these conditions, depending usually on the range of conditions in which organisms live. For instance, enzymes essential for life operate when temperatures are not too low or high.

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