Example

Example: Finding Upstream and Downstream Boat Speeds

Apply the distance, rate, and time problem-solving strategy to find two unknown uniform motion speeds when both the upstream and downstream trips cover the same distance, replacing simple rates with relative expressions and converting units.

Problem: Llewyn takes 4545 minutes to drive his boat upstream from the dock to his favorite fishing spot. It takes him 3030 minutes to drive the boat back downstream to the dock. The boat's speed going downstream is four miles per hour faster than its speed going upstream. Find the boat's upstream and downstream speeds.

  1. Read and draw: Sketch the route. The upstream trip (4545 minutes) and the downstream back trip (3030 minutes, 44 mph faster) cover an identical distance. Create a rate–time–distance table.
  2. Identify: The upstream speed and the downstream speed.
  3. Name: Let rr = upstream speed in mph. Then the downstream speed is r+4r + 4. Convert the times to hours: 4545 minutes =4560=34= \frac{45}{60} = \frac{3}{4} hour, and 3030 minutes =3060=12= \frac{30}{60} = \frac{1}{2} hour. Multiply rate by time to find the distance expressions:
Rate (mph)Time (hrs)Distance (miles)
Upstreamrr34\frac{3}{4}34r\frac{3}{4}r
Downstreamr+4r + 412\frac{1}{2}12(r+4)\frac{1}{2}(r + 4)
  1. Translate: Since the boat travels to the fishing spot and returns to the dock, the distances are identical:

34r=12(r+4)\frac{3}{4}r = \frac{1}{2}(r + 4)

  1. Solve: Clear the fractions by multiplying both sides by the LCD, which is 44:

434r=412(r+4)4 \cdot \frac{3}{4}r = 4 \cdot \frac{1}{2}(r + 4)

3r=2(r+4)3r = 2(r + 4)

3r=2r+83r = 2r + 8

Subtract 2r2r from both sides: r=8r = 8. The upstream speed is 88 mph. The downstream speed is 8+4=128 + 4 = 12 mph.

  1. Check: Upstream: 834=68 \cdot \frac{3}{4} = 6 miles. Downstream: 1212=612 \cdot \frac{1}{2} = 6 miles. The distance traveled each way is 66 miles. \checkmark

  2. Answer: The boat's upstream speed is 88 mph and its downstream speed is 1212 mph.

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Updated 2026-04-22

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