Intrinsic goals do not have a positive effect on outcomes because of the qualities behind them, rather because they put a larger importance on learning. Intrinsically oriented students also do better on intrinsic goals.

Expectancy-Valence theories and the positive effects of intrinsic goals on performance

The negative effects of extrinsic goals are only prevalent with intrinsically oriented individuals. Further explained by a "match perspective" where  extrinsically oriented individuals perform better when goals are framed extrinsically.

Expectancy-Valence theories and the negative effects of extrinsic goals on performance

Motivation for a goal is not based on the different qualities of a goal, rather the quantity of perceived importance of that goal. 

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

People behave based on the value that they perceive doing the behavior has to them. It takes into account expectancy (effort), instrumentality (performance) and valence (value/reward).

Expectancy-Valence Theories

Expectancy-Valence theories and motivation for a goal

https://expertprogrammanagement.com/2018/10/expectancy-theory/

Expert program management: expectancy theory

Expectancy and value rating based on EVT can predict student effort on tasks. If a task is deemed as valuable, students will put more effort towards it, which can result in an increased likelihood of using desirable difficulties. Similarly, if a successful outcome is expected, a student will be more motivated to engage in difficult learning strategies. 

Task outcome expectancy/value

A theory of human motivation that posits that the reasons why an individual chooses to participate and exerts effort, are based on self-determined regulations (such as intrinsic motivation). It states there are 3 desires that promote optimal function and growth:
- 1) Autonomy
- 2) Competence
- 3) Relatedness

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