- Established uniqueness of contribution
- personal benefit
- benefit to the community
H2b: Benefit-to-others
group rates more than
no-benefit group
Disconfirmed
(significant in
the opposite
direction)
Not supported
H3: Interaction
between Uniqueness
and Benefit
Not supported Not supported

Benefits of Contributing to Online Community

The CEM identifies the conditions in which people will social loaf less. 

Collective Effort Model (CEM)

Feedback types include:
- Classroom feedback
- Cohort support
- Social acceptance


The Effect of Different Feedback on Performance

- Collective Effort Model
- Contribution Benefits

San Jose State University

Motivating User Contributions Online

Karau, S. J., & Williams, K. D. (1993). Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration. Journal of personality and social psychology, 65(4), 681. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.681

Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration

https://presnick.people.si.umich.edu/papers/cscw04/cscw2004preprint.pdf

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