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Figure 8.28: Climate Equilibria Feedback Loops
This figure illustrates the feedback loops that maintain two different climate equilibria. The 'good equilibrium' (left, blue) is a virtuous circle where extensive summer sea ice reflects solar radiation, which keeps temperatures low and preserves the ice. The 'bad equilibrium' (right, orange) is a vicious circle where the absence of summer sea ice leads to the absorption of solar radiation by the ocean, which keeps temperatures high and prevents ice from forming. The source text's caption states that negative feedback processes stabilize both equilibria.
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Figure 8.27: Environmental Dynamics, Multiple Equilibria, and the S-Shaped EDC
Negative Feedback at the Low-Ice Equilibrium
Negative Feedback at the High-Ice Equilibrium (Virtuous Circle)
Figure 8.28: Climate Equilibria Feedback Loops
Basins of Attraction in the Environmental Dynamics Model
An environmental system's state from one year to the next is modeled by an S-shaped curve. In the middle region of this curve, the slope is very steep, meaning a small change in the system's state in one year causes a much larger change in the following year. What does this steepness imply about the system's dynamics within this specific region?
System Resilience in a High-Quality State
Explaining Persistent Ecosystem Degradation
A system's environmental quality from one year to the next is modeled by an S-shaped curve plotted against a 45-degree line (where quality is unchanged). Match each region of the S-shaped curve with its corresponding dynamic characteristic.
According to the model represented by the S-shaped Environmental Dynamics Curve, the stable, low-quality environmental state, often described as a 'vicious circle', is maintained by a positive feedback process.
Ecosystem Response to a Major Shock
Analyzing the Shape of the Environmental Dynamics Curve
An environmental system, modeled by an S-shaped curve that plots its state in one period against the next, is currently in a stable, high-quality equilibrium (e.g., extensive sea ice). Graphically, this corresponds to a point where the S-shaped curve is nearly flat and intersects a 45-degree line. Why is this equilibrium considered resilient to small, temporary negative shocks?
Coral Reef Ecosystem Shift
An ecosystem's quality is observed over several years. Initially, it is in a healthy, resilient state. Following a major negative shock, it rapidly degrades and settles into a persistently poor state. Arrange the following descriptions of the system's dynamics into the correct chronological order, starting from the initial healthy state.