Concept

Forbearance as the Restraint of Anger and Oppression in Jami's Haft Awrang (Section 100)

In Section 100 of Jami's Haft Awrang, the Thirty-First Knot treats forbearance (hilm), tolerance (mudara), forgiveness (afw), and beneficence (ihsan). Jami warns that the fire of anger first scorches the angry person's own harvest before its sparks reach others, and he prescribes the 'water of forbearance' (ab-e helm) to quench it. Beyond controlling temper, the poet forbids drawing the sword of the tongue to wound others, striking the helpless poor, or persisting in cruelty; he urges the reader to bite back oppression and withdraw the foot from the path of tyranny. Forbearance is thus framed as an active refusal to harm those weaker than oneself, not merely passive patience.

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Updated 2026-07-19

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course