Positive expectations about future outcomes enables higher motivation. 

Psychological Capital: Hope 

The development of multiple pathways to achieve goals. 

Psychological Capital: Efficacy 

Promoting a positive response to setbacks. 

Psychological Capital: Resilience 

Reinforcement of greater extra effort from individuals. 

Psychological Capital: Optimism 

1. Hope
2. Efficacy
3. Resilience
4. Optimisim

Ohio State University, Columbus

An individual’s positive psychological state of development.

Psychological Capital

Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., and Norman, S. M. (2007b). Positive psychological captial: measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Pers. Psychol. 60, 541–572. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x

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