The development of multiple pathways to achieve goals. 

Ohio State University, Columbus

1. Hope
2. Efficacy
3. Resilience
4. Optimisim

Four Elements of Psychological Capital 

Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., and Norman, S. M. (2007b). Positive psychological captial: measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Pers. Psychol. 60, 541–572. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x

Positive psychological captial: measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction.

Positive expectations about future outcomes enables higher motivation. 

Psychological Capital: Hope 

Psychological Capital: Efficacy 

Promoting a positive response to setbacks. 

Psychological Capital: Resilience 

Reinforcement of greater extra effort from individuals. 

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