Reinforcement of greater extra effort from individuals. 

Ohio State University, Columbus

1. Hope
2. Efficacy
3. Resilience
4. Optimisim

Four Elements of Psychological Capital 

Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., and Norman, S. M. (2007b). Positive psychological captial: measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Pers. Psychol. 60, 541–572. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x

Positive psychological captial: measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction.

Positive expectations about future outcomes enables higher motivation. 

Psychological Capital: Hope 

The development of multiple pathways to achieve goals. 

Psychological Capital: Efficacy 

Promoting a positive response to setbacks. 

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