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Freud's Iceberg Model of the Mind

Freud used the metaphor of an iceberg floating in water to illustrate the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious states of the mind. The conscious mind is represented by the visible area above the water's surface. The area just below the water's surface represents the preconscious mind. The vast portion submerged beneath the water's surface represents the unconscious mind, which contains the id, ego, and superego.

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Updated 2026-06-14

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